Kinetic modeling of MHD parameters of mildly-relativistic shocks

Mildly-relativistic outflows with shocks of velocities 0.1–0.7c were deduced from multiwavelength observations of powerful fast transient sources. These outflows are associated with merging relativistic objects, relativistic supernovae and fast blue optical transients. Relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) models of these objects rely on the equation of state of the fluid, which is a collisionless plasma with a contribution of non-thermal components. In this paper, we present kinetic simulations of mildly-relativistic shocks with Particle-in-Cell and Monte-Carlo techniques to derive the adiabatic index of plasma in the shock downstream directly from the particle distributions, which can be implemented into the RMHD models.