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  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal: Physics and Mathematics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Физико-математические науки</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-9782, 2618-8686, 2405-7223</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18721/JPM.191.119</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prospects of hybrid bifacial four-junction solar cell for concentrating photovoltaics</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Перспективы двухстороннего четырехпереходного гибридного солнечного элемента для концентраторной фотовольтаики</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prudchenko</surname>
            <given-names>Kseniia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>prudchenkokk@mail.ioffe.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1812-3714</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kontrosh</surname>
            <given-names>Evgeniy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>kontrosh@mail.ioffe.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tolkachev</surname>
            <given-names>Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>TolkachevIA@mail.ioffe.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abolmasov</surname>
            <given-names>Sergey</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <email>S.Abolmasov@hevelsolar.com</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4858-7544  </contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kalinovskii</surname>
            <given-names>Vitaliy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>vitak.sopt@mail.ioffe.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5226-1101</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Terukov</surname>
            <given-names>Evgenyi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>eug.terukov@mail.ioffe.ru</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Ioffe Institute</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">R&amp;D Center TFTE LLC</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-05">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>1.1</issue>
      <fpage>117</fpage>
      <lpage>122</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://physmath.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/articles/2026/1.1/19_117-122_19(1_1)2026.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>A hybrid monolithic four-junction solar cell composed of GaInP/Ga(In) As/Ge electricity-generating linear arrays arranged in an n-α-Si:H/(p)c-Si:(Ga)/p-a-Si:H bifacial photoactive heat-dissipating substrate was investigated as part of a concentrator photovoltaic module. The module provides a specific power output ≤ 500 W/m2 (AM0, 1367 W/m2) at the beginning of life, taking into account the converted the Earth albedo. The damage coefficient of effective diffusion length for minority charge carriers in the photoactive heat-dissipating substrate has been determined as KL = 1·10−11 at 1 MeV electron fluence up to 1·1015cm−2. The anticipated lifespan of the monolithic hybrid four-junction solar cell in the module on geostationary orbit is projected to be ≤ 15 years. Accounting for the albedo effects, it does not only increase the generated electrical power but also reduces thermal stress on the spacecraft’s solar panel.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>hybrid four-junction solar cell</kwd>
        <kwd>concentrator photovoltaic module</kwd>
        <kwd>albedo of the Earth</kwd>
        <kwd>GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge electricity-generating linear arrays</kwd>
        <kwd>bifacial photoactive heat dissipating substrate</kwd>
        <kwd>damage coefficient</kwd>
        <kwd>geostationary orbit</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
