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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal: Physics and Mathematics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Физико-математические науки</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-9782, 2618-8686, 2405-7223</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18721/JPM.18308</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Direct photon asymmetries in the longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at energies from 9 to 27 GeV</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Асимметрии прямых фотонов в продольно-поляризованных протон-протонных столкновениях при энергиях 9 – 27 ГэВ</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8910-4775</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lobanov</surname>
            <given-names>Andrey</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>lobanov2.aa@edu.spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0309-5917</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Berdnikov</surname>
            <given-names>Yaroslav</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>berdnikov@spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-09">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>91</fpage>
      <lpage>97</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://physmath.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/articles/2025/3/08_lobanov.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This paper presents the development of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model to study the properties of direct photons produced in proton-proton collisions. The study aims to extend the capabilities of our model (developed previously) by introducing the initial collision energy parameter √sNN in the range from 9 to 27 GeV. The model has been trained on the data generated using PYTHIA8 and tested both at training energies and at intermediate energy values. Special attention was paid to the ability of the model to preserve kinematic dependencies and to reproduce the double longitudinal spin asymmetry ALL. The results proved the possibility of using the GAN to interpolate the characteristics of direct photons in terms of collision energy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>asymmetries</kwd>
        <kwd>direct photons</kwd>
        <kwd>neural network</kwd>
        <kwd>generative-adversarial network</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
