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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal: Physics and Mathematics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Физико-математические науки</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-9782, 2618-8686, 2405-7223</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18721/JPM.17205</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A microwave method for measuring the low-frequency noise of transistors</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Микроволновый метод измерения низкочастотных шумов транзисторов</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Usychenko</surname>
            <given-names>Victor</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>usychenko@rphf.spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1519-0460</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Chernova</surname>
            <given-names>Anastasiya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-30">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>17</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>61</fpage>
      <lpage>70</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://physmath.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/articles/2024/2/05-Usychenko.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>In the article, we have proposed to use microwave-fluctuation meters resistant to external intense electromagnetic noise in order to measure the low-frequency (LF) noise of microwave transistors working under these conditions. The transistor located on the board is excited by a low-noise microwave generator, the oscillation amplitude of which, being modulated by the LF noise of the transistor, is measured by a microwave spectrum analyzer. The proposed method was tested on GaN/AlGaN heterotransistors, in whose channels the electron density was formed by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization. In addition to experimental testing, a theoretical justification for the method is presented. We obtained conditions in which the normalized spectra of oscillation amplitude fluctuations were similar to the normalized LF noise of the transistor current.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>low frequency noise</kwd>
        <kwd>microwave transistor</kwd>
        <kwd>fluctuations of microwave oscillations</kwd>
        <kwd>GaN/AlGaN heterostructure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
