In the paper, a dynamic model of a vapor compression cooling system is presented. In addition to the usual one, it takes into account the working agent’s masses in the heat exchangers, this agent’s vapor content behavior in time at the outlet of the expansion valve, and the whole spectrum of two-phase flow modes during the working agent’s evaporation. It was established that it took more time for temperature’s and mass flow’s (in a vapor compression cooling system) transitions to steady states than for the rotational speed of the compressor shaft. The connection between the negative dynamics of the evaporation temperature and the initial ambient temperature was shown. Moreover, it was the connection between the delay in stabilization of the mass flow of the working medium and the initial ambient temperature as well as the degree of a pressure increase in the thermodynamic cycle of the vapor compression cooling system.