The values of specific electrical conductivity (SEC) of vanillic acid samples have been measured in the frequency range from 10 mHz to 10 MHz, over a temperature range between 153 and 433 K, using impedance spectroscopy. The frequency dependence of the object’s SEC was shown to obey a power law. Based on the Jonscher equation, three frequency components of the SEC were identified. They were correlated with functional groups involved in charge transfer in the molecule. The conductivity in the low-frequency region was associated with carboxyl and methoxyl groups, and it was with phenolic hydroxyl groups involved in charge transfer in the medium frequency region. The π electrons of the benzene ring of the molecule were charge carriers in the high-frequency region. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the values of the activation energy of conductivity were found. As a result, the hopping mechanism of electrical conductivity in the selected temperature range was proven.