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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal: Physics and Mathematics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Физико-математические науки</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-9782, 2618-8686, 2405-7223</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18721/JPM.18210</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Formation of bainite below martensite start temperature in quenching low carbon steel</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Образование бейнита в температурном интервале мартенситного пре- вращения при закалке низкоуглеродистой стали</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zolotorevsky</surname>
            <given-names>Nikolai</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>zolotorevsky@phmf.spbstu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Belikova</surname>
            <given-names>Yulia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <email>belikjul@ya.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6732-7217</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Petrov</surname>
            <given-names>Sergey</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9431-7097</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zisman</surname>
            <given-names>Alexander</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – CRISM “Prometey”</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-25">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>109</fpage>
      <lpage>118</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://physmath.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/articles/2025/2/10_109-118_18(2)2025.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>According to the phase transformation kinetics that we recorded by dilatometry in rapid cooling of low carbon steel, some amount of isothermal bainite appeared in the middle of martensitic temperature range. Presumably caused by adiabatic heating in the exothermal transformation, such an unexpected effect was confirmed by TEM data on the lath thickness, dislocation density and carbide particles. Furthermore, to assess a volume fraction of the detected bainite, statistics of crystal curvature (orientation gradient) was analyzed in terms of EBSD data. The combined analysis of results obtained using those three techniques suggests that certain amount of lath type bainite is formed not only below the martensite start temperature but also slightly above it.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>microstructure</kwd>
        <kwd>martensite</kwd>
        <kwd>bainite</kwd>
        <kwd>isothermal transformation</kwd>
        <kwd>quenching</kwd>
        <kwd>low carbon steel</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
