The necessity of developing a new methodology for calculating diffractive spectral lenses for optical systems with variable wavelength laser radiation is substantiated. The method for calculating spectral diffraction lenses for focusing radiation of different wavelengths at specified focal points has been developed. The method for calculating cascade metal-dielectric layered structures for optical filtering has been developed, and a method for obtaining neural network descriptors applicable to the analysis of hyperspectral data has been developed. Calculation examples for various designs of optical diffractive lenses are presented. The optimal parameters for the designs of diffractive lenses are established.