Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to explore the supramolecular structure of thin hydrogel plates of chitosan L- and D-ascorbate– hydrochloride. The objects reveal dendritic formations and structures of fractal dimension at the macrolevel and nanolevel of organization of polymeric substance, respectively. A comparative analysis of the morphology and average size of phase inhomogeneities and their bulk distribution in the material depending on the ascorbic acid isomer (L or D) was carried out.