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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="meeting-report" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Journal: Physics and Mathematics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Физико-математические науки</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2304-9782, 2618-8686, 2405-7223</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18721/JPM.153.251</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ruthenium as an electrode material for the fast electrochemical actuator</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Рутений как материал электродов быстрого электрохимического актюатора</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shlepakov</surname>
            <given-names>Pavel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>p.shlepakov@bk.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Uvarov</surname>
            <given-names>Ilia</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>i.v.uvarov@bk.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Svetovoy</surname>
            <given-names>Vitaliy</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>svetovoy@yandex.ru</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science K.A. Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of the RAS Yaroslavl Branch</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-01">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>3.2</issue>
      <fpage>280</fpage>
      <lpage>284</lpage>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Electrolysis of water performed by alternating polarity (AP) voltage pulses increases the operating frequency of the electrochemical actuator by several orders of magnitude due to the fast recombination of the produced gas. The gas is collected in nanobubbles that disappear quickly due to spontaneous combustion of hydrogen and oxygen. However, this type of electrolysis damages the electrodes and the actuator performance deteriorates with time.
Platinum electrodes suffer from mechanical action of nanobubbles, while titanium structures are oxidized. A promising material is ruthenium due to its chemical inertness and mechanical strength. In this work, we test Ru, Pt and Ti electrodes in the AP electrolysis. The degree of wear, current flowing through the cell, and threshold voltage are analyzed and compared.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>alternating polarity electrolysis</kwd>
        <kwd>nanobubbles</kwd>
        <kwd>electrodes</kwd>
        <kwd>ruthenium</kwd>
        <kwd>degradation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
