In recent years, laser surface treatment was widely used to improve the properties of aluminum coatings. This paper implements a thermal model to simulate the laser treatment effects on a cold-sprayed aluminum coating and St3 substrate. As a result of the work, a model has been developed to evaluate the thermal fields and the melt pool during the laser surface treatment process, and laser treatment modes have been identified, with the help of which a high-alloyed aluminum layer on the surface of steel has been obtained.