The paper is devoted to techniques for reduction of background radiation in the room for conducting the proton eye radiotherapy. The necessity of this reduction stems from the health risk of low-dose effect on the personal and patients. We have touched the aspects of the background reduction both at the cost   of secondary particles, produced in the beam-forming systems, and the dose reduction for patient’s healthy tissue (when carrying out beam-therapy) owing to the correct assessment of the biological effects of protons with energies up to 60 MeV. The obtained calculation results prove that an increase in the proton beam diameter provides the possibility of reducing the background radiation by more than a factor of three in the room and of correspondingly decreasing the body’s radiation exposure. It is necessary to take correct account of RBE to reduce the radiation exposure of contiguous organs.